What does it mean to reinforce a behavior sometimes rather than always?

Reinforcing a behavior sometimes rather than always is referred to as variable reinforcement. This method involves providing reinforcement on an unpredictable schedule, which can strengthen the behavior over time and make it more resistant to extinction. When individuals do not receive reinforcement every time they perform a desired behavior, they tend to engage in the behavior more persistently, hoping that reinforcement will occur eventually. This unpredictability creates a powerful motivational factor.

For instance, a slot machine in a casino pays out winnings intermittently, which keeps players engaged because they are uncertain when the next win may occur. This concept contrasts with fixed or continuous reinforcement, where a behavior is reinforced every time it is displayed, which can lead to quicker extinction once the reinforcement stops. Using variable reinforcement effectively can thus enhance the learning process and encourage the continuation of behaviors in various contexts.